Melioidosis Risk in Thailand: An FAQ for Travellers

Melioidosis is a rare but serious infectious disease that most tourists never need to worry about.

However, if you’re planning to spend time in rural farming areas, especially during the rainy season, it’s worth understanding the risks – particularly if you’re helping out in rice fields, wading in rivers, or exposed to floodwater.

Moreover, because Thailand is so hot, it’s common to want to take off your shoes and walk barefoot. But if you’re on soil, especially damp or muddy ground, you should always wear footwear. Also be mindful when paddling in stagnant water, such as local lakes or ponds, as these environments can carry a higher risk of exposure.

Here’s everything you need to know:

What is Melioidosis?

Melioidosis (pronounced mee-lee-oy-doh-sis) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is found in soil and surface water, especially in parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand.

How Do You Catch Melioidosis?

People can get infected when:

• Contaminated soil or water enters the body through cuts or broken skin
• They inhale contaminated dust or water droplets
• They ingest contaminated water (rare)

The most common route of infection is through skin contact, especially if you’re barefoot or have open wounds.

Who Is Most at Risk?

• Farmers and rural workers
• Tourists volunteering or helping out in rice fields
• People wading through rivers, rice paddies, or floodwaters without protective gear
• Those with open cuts or abrasions on hands or feet

While it’s rare for typical beach-goers or city travellers to contract melioidosis, visitors to rural areas during the rainy season (May to October) face higher risk, particularly if engaging in outdoor or agricultural activities.

What are the Symptoms of Melioidosis?

Symptoms vary and can resemble many other illnesses, which makes diagnosis tricky. Common symptoms include:

• Fever and chills
• Muscle or joint pain
• Cough or chest pain (if lungs are affected)
• Skin infections or abscesses
• Fatigue and weight loss
• In severe cases, sepsis or pneumonia

Note: Symptoms may appear days to weeks after exposure, and in some cases, the infection can become chronic or latent.

Is Melioidosis Deadly?

Yes, if untreated, melioidosis can be fatal. The death rate varies but can be as high as 40% in severe cases. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment significantly reduce the risk.

How Can I Avoid Melioidosis in Thailand?

For most tourists, risk is extremely low. But if you’re heading off the beaten track, here’s how to protect yourself:

• Avoid wading in rivers, flooded areas, or rice fields with bare feet
• Wear waterproof boots and gloves if working in wet or muddy areas
• Cover any cuts or wounds with waterproof bandages
• Avoid contact with floodwater, especially during monsoon season
• Practice good hygiene – wash hands and feet after outdoor activities

What if I’ve Already Been Exposed?

Don’t panic. If you’ve walked barefoot in a river or rice paddy and feel fine, the chance of infection is still very low. But if you develop fever, persistent fatigue, or unusual symptoms after exposure —especially within 1–3 weeks — see a doctor immediately and mention your travel history and possible contact with soil or floodwater.

Is There a Vaccine for Melioidosis?

No, there is currently no vaccine for melioidosis. Prevention is based on avoiding exposure.

In Summary

Melioidosis is rare, and certainly not something visitors to Thailand need to lose sleep over. However, if your travel plans include visiting farmland, or exploring countryside during rainy season, take simple precautions by wearing shoes, protecting wounds, and avoiding floodwaters.

With basic awareness and care, your trip will be memorable for all the right reasons.